• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A procedure for composting organic wastes, wherein the waste masses are placed in a composter. A drawback of all procedures of prior art for composting wastes is that altogether too much air is conducted into the composter through gaps and holes in its walls, whereby it either dries out easily or freezes in winter. In the procedure of the invention, the requisite breathing taking place through the walls of the composter is managed in a controlled manner by means of varying the material and thickness of the walls. The invention also concerns a composter for implementing the procedure, consisting of a space enclosed with walls (1), a bottom (2) and a cover (3) and in which the wastes are placed. The walls (1), at least, consist of thermal lagging sheets permeable to air, such as underdrain plastic sheets.
    公开号:SU1567120A3
    申请号:SU864028129
    申请日:1986-09-03
    公开日:1990-05-23
    发明作者:Пеатомаа Сеппо
    申请人:Ролате Ой (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to tools for the production of organic fertilizers.
    The gel of the invention is the improvement of thermal conditions in the composting process and the reduction of nitrogen losses from the compostable mass.
    Lig.1 shows a composter with a removed lid, axonometric (top view); on Lig.2 - the components of the composter in packaged form; on
    (“Pig” - the walls of the composter after opening the package.
    The composter consists of walls 1, bottom 2 and cover 3, which form the cavity where the waste is placed. The walls, the bottom, the cover are made of air-permeable insulating sheets, for example plastic sheets with closed drainage. An insulating sheet of this type is also known by
    Styrox with closed drainage The inner surface of the walls and bottom is lined with fibrous fabric 4, due to which the pores are blocked with a compost mass. The outer surface of the walls is likewise lined with fibrous fabric 5, due to which, the composter acquires exceptional strength and resistance to ultraviolet rays. A gas-impermeable and well-conducting heat facing material, such as aluminum sheet 6, is fixed on the outer surface of the lid, resulting in a portion of the ammonia gas produced in the compost preparation process being returned to the compost due to dissolution in water condensed from the exhaust gas. The components of the composter consist of a set of self-inflatable parts of the composter, which form a package of minimum volume suitable for transportation.
    By fiber cloth is meant a material obtained from a polymer fiber or web. Such fabrics can be woven or their fibers can be thermally fixed (by heat treatment) or mechanically (sewn). Various polymers can be used as the starting material for the production of such fabrics, for example polypropylene. The thickness of the fabric may be, for example, 0.5 mm.
    The following materials are used to manufacture the composter.
    For the manufacture of walls, bottom and cover - porous plates of extruded polystyrene: for the outer coating of the cover - aluminum sheet 0.5 mm thick, galvanized steel sheet with a plastic coating 0.5 mm thick or plastic sheet.
    It is essential that the permeability of the air walls is suitable. If the walls are well breathable, it is impossible to reach an adequate working temperature in the composter and the microbial activity drops. If, on the other hand, the walls do not allow air to pass through well, the microbes do not receive enough oxygen and their activity decreases.
    To prepare the compost, organic waste is placed in the composter and kept until the composting process is completed. Mass temperature increases during composting
    five
    up to 60-70 ° D, from which the roots and weed seeds perish, all kinds of pathogenic strains. In addition, the compost preparation process is accelerated at elevated temperatures.
    Due to the fact that the outer surface of the lid 3 has an attached gas-tight and heat-shaving material, such as aluminum sheet, water vapor formed during the preparation of the compost, condenses on it, and the water drops obtained in this way through porous, but Kevo-insulated, thermal insulation back to the composter. The gaseous ammonia produced during the composting process, in turn, partially dissolves in flowing down water droplets and thus returns to the composter's microbial Llora for use, in connection with which the need for nitrogen addition is significantly reduced. The gas-tight cover causes the condensation of uncondensed gases beneath the film, resulting in a reduction in the partial pressure of water vapor and a decrease in the condensation temperature. This phenomenon reduces the risk of frostbite on the walls at the top of the composter. Walls about i 0 cm thick are exceptionally suitable for a composter, 1
    measure about 1 m.
    Oxygen, which dissolves in water from the air, is consumed by microbes. Since organic substances are dissolved in water, the substances are consumed and decomposed by microbes in such a way that ammonia gas (NOH), carbon dioxide (C02) and nitrogen (taken from the air) are formed. The heat mixture of carbon dioxide and nitrogen is removed through the upper part of the porous side wall of the composter, producing a suction through the cooler lower part of the composter, so that a corresponding amount of fresh oxygen is dispersed in the water present in the compost.
    The compost moisture should be high in the range of 60-80%. Nitrogen contained in ammonia is the main nutrient for microbes, i
    Thus, the process does not include additional circulation.
    air that removes vital heat and humidity, and ammonia from the compost. The air gap is preheated during its slow Filtration through an insulating layer of appropriate thickness and porosity. A cold Boq spirit can inhibit the microbial effect and can stop it altogether, taking the composter out of working condition, if it does not freeze it. During severe frosts, condensation occurs in the insulating layer in the upper part of the composter on the surface of the granules of insulating material in this layer or on its lower surface, but not on the cold surface of the lid. A fixed layer of non-condensable gases () is formed over the condensation zone, which during strong frosts complements the heat insulating capacity of the cover and prevents the cover from freezing, thus the working principle is the same as in the case of clogged window elements: hermetically enclosed gas layer between two sheets glass
    As the pH increases, the balance between NK5 and NH4 changes in favor of NHj. Excess ammonia is removed in the gaseous state along with the exhausted gas. The released gas (air has a high moisture content, since the heat generated during the decomposition process evaporates water. Most of the water condenses on the underlying cold cover. Drops of cold water absorb most of the ammonia present in the exhausted gases and return return it to the decomposition process (at a temperature of -t-20 ° C, water dissolves ammonia in the amount of 900 g / l, i.e. about 90% by weight). Usually, large nitrogen losses in the range of 25-60% decrease to a low level, when the present decomposition process is used , A low amount of nitrogen tends to becoming a limiting factor decomposition process. To achieve a uniform rate over the composter decomposition Bp Br shaken necessary material, as is done normally. This further reduces loss of nitrogen.
    By adapting the porosity of the walls and the heat insulating ability to the dominant conditions, the required rate and final level of decomposition can be achieved. It is also possible to implement the process by controlled opening of the lid, even if it also increases the nitrogen loss.
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [1]
    Invention Formula
    one . A composter for the preparation of a KOM-JQ post from organic waste, hindering the side walls, a frontage and a lid made of thermally insulated, air-permeable porous material, characterized in that in order to improve the thermal
    mode during composting and reducing nitrogen losses from the compostable mass, the outer surface of the lid is covered with a gas-tight material with high thermal conductivity, such as aluminum sheet,
    [2]
    2. A composter according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner surface of the side walls is covered with a fibrous web.
    [3]
    3. Komposter on PP. 1 or 2, about t-l and h and h and, and the fact that the outer surface of the side walls is covered with fibrous tissue.
    Editor G. Gerber
    Compiled by L. Rubinova
    Tehred L.Oliynyk Proofreader V.Kabatsiy
    Order 1230
    Circulation 376
    VNIIPI State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries at the State Committee on Science and Technology of the USSR 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab. 4/5
     / 7
    eJ
    Subscription
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    SU1567120A3|1990-05-23|Machine for preparing compost from organic waste
    EP0373348A2|1990-06-20|Soil or soil improver containing porous ion exchanger
    TW381000B|2000-02-01|Cultivating apparatus and the method of manufacturing thereof
    BR112013012110B1|2019-03-12|COVERING MATERIAL FOR MUSHROOM BLOCK PRODUCTION, AND METHOD FOR PREPARING MUSHROOM BLOCK MATERIAL AND PRODUCTION
    EP0738247B1|1998-05-20|Composting container
    EP0111302B1|1986-04-23|Biofiltration process
    JP2010264447A|2010-11-25|Process for biological-thermal treatment of refuse
    ES2238169B2|2006-06-01|Soil conditioning material obtained from papermaking bleaching sludge consists of fertilizing and cementing agents incorporated in a product protected against anaerobic fermentation
    ES2237453T3|2005-08-01|METHOD FOR PREPARING SOIL CONDITIONER, AND APPLIANCE USED IN THE METHOD.
    Block1965|Garbage composting for mushroom production
    Walter et al.1989|Composting of sewage sludge and straw: laboratory scale simulation and evaluation of selected temperatures and effect on composting performance
    JPH1066462A|1998-03-10|Irrigation, system therefor, and flowerpot
    Bear et al.1919|The ammonia-fixing capacity of calcium sulfate
    CN106116811A|2016-11-16|Wet method activated carbon base process for producing potassium sulfate
    CN214426309U|2021-10-19|Waste plastic film recycling and drying equipment
    CN214383290U|2021-10-12|Composite non-woven fabric
    SEKI et al.1984|Composting reaction rate and simultaneous heat and mass transfer under the condition of forced aeration
    EP1404630B1|2008-10-08|Composter for treating organic waste
    Raviv et al.1987|Changes in the chemical and horticultural properties during composting of slurry produced by methanogenic fermentation of dairy cow manure.
    Ottosson1976|Vegetable production on mineral wool
    Coppola et al.1986|Aerobic Stabilization in the Solid State of Partially Dewatered Sewage Sludge
    FI102870B|1999-03-15|Process for the production of artificial boulders for cultivation of "Shiitake" -si ene |
    US1473593A|1923-11-06|Evaporative refrigerator
    JPS63147542A|1988-06-20|Air cleaning agent
    SU878787A1|1981-11-07|Unit for culturing microorganisms or living cells
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AU6215086A|1987-03-05|
    FI73957B|1987-08-31|
    DK163874C|1992-09-14|
    FI853401A0|1985-09-04|
    PT83302B|1993-04-30|
    NO863488L|1987-03-05|
    DK398286A|1987-03-05|
    PT83302A|1986-10-01|
    FI853401L|1987-03-05|
    CS643486A2|1988-02-15|
    EP0221866B1|1990-08-08|
    AT55369T|1990-08-15|
    CS259540B2|1988-10-14|
    DK398286D0|1986-08-20|
    ES2001933A6|1988-07-01|
    CN86106005A|1987-03-04|
    NO166077C|1991-05-29|
    DE3673326D1|1990-09-13|
    PL261283A1|1987-10-05|
    FI73957C|1988-11-02|
    IL79809D0|1986-11-30|
    DK163874B|1992-04-13|
    EP0221866A3|1987-08-19|
    NO166077B|1991-02-18|
    KR870003035A|1987-04-14|
    NZ217278A|1988-08-30|
    EP0221866A2|1987-05-13|
    JPS6256391A|1987-03-12|
    CA1290163C|1991-10-08|
    DD249470A5|1987-09-09|
    NO863488D0|1986-09-01|
    GR862232B|1986-12-23|
    AU588908B2|1989-09-28|
    YU147886A|1988-04-30|
    HUT42420A|1987-07-28|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    MD613Z|2011-06-20|2013-11-30|Ион ХАНДРАМАН|Biohumus production complex|
    MD632Z|2012-05-04|2013-12-31|Юрий ФРОЛОВ|Plant for the production of vermiculture and vermicompost and vermicompost extractor|GB955338A|1960-08-05|1964-04-15|Felix Prat|Improvements in and relating to the fermentation of waste organic material for agricultural purposes|
    GB1339521A|1972-02-23|1973-12-05|Mitchell G E|Portable compost container|
    SE8103240L|1981-05-22|1982-11-23|Jaakko Nilsson|COLLECTION CONTAINERS LIKE COMPOSITION CONTAINERS|
    DE3217725C1|1982-05-11|1983-04-21|Erich 9442 Berneck St. Gallen Döring|Double-wall composter|
    DE3431049A1|1984-08-23|1986-03-06|Schnack, Josef, 8000 München|Process and apparatus for the biological conditioning of materials of organic origin|US5040446A|1991-01-14|1991-08-20|Latin Percussion, Inc.|Tambourine|
    US5501471A|1992-06-11|1996-03-26|Nippon Pillar Packing Co., Ltd.|Mechanical seal with blade-like sealing end|
    SE511155C2|1996-12-12|1999-08-16|Tibor Ritzl|Composting device|
    ES1062467Y|2006-03-16|2006-09-16|Travieso Eugeni Castejon|COMPOSTER|
    ES2781178T3|2015-11-30|2020-08-31|Beumer Group As|Classifier with reduced polygon effect|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FI853401A|FI73957C|1985-09-04|1985-09-04|FOERFARANDE FOER KOMPOSTERING AV OLIKA ORGANISKA AVFALL SAMT KOMPOSTOR FOER UTFOERANDE AV FOERFARANDET.|
    [返回顶部]